系统性呼吸功能训练对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者肺功能及呼吸指标的影响

目的 探讨系统性呼吸功能训练对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(asthma-COPD overlap syndrome,ACOS)患者肺功能和呼吸指标的影响。方法 选择笔者所在医院2019年5月-2020年10月收治的102例ACOS患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各51例。对照组行常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上融合系统性呼吸功能训练。比较2组干预前后的肺功能指标和呼吸指标。结果 干预后,研究组的肺功能各项指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);气道阻力各项指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05),呼吸困难程度轻于对照组(Z=-2.996,P=0.003)。结论 对ACOS患者在护理过程中融合系统性呼吸功能训练,可明显降低患者气道阻力指标,对改善肺功能、缓解患者呼吸困难具有明显效果。     

激素敏感型原发性肾病综合征患儿激素治疗巩固维持阶段不同减量方案比较

目的探讨激素敏感型原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿激素治疗巩固维持阶段不同减量方案对疾病复发率的影响。 方法选择2017年6月至2020年6月，在中山大学附属第一医院确诊的41例初治PNS患儿为研究对象，均对激素治疗敏感。根据激素治疗巩固维持阶段采用的不同减量方案，将其分为每日顿服组(n＝22)和隔日顿服组(n＝19)。本研究41例激素敏感型PNS患儿中，男性患儿为29例，女性为12例，男、女比例为2.4∶1，确诊时年龄为1.3~14.6岁。采取回顾性分析法对2组患儿一般临床资料、实验室检查结果进行分析。同时分析2组患儿PNS首次治疗复发时间、复发率、频复发率、加用免疫抑制剂治疗率，以及激素相关不良反应发生情况。本研究遵循的程序符合中山大学附属第一医院伦理委员会规定，通过该伦理委员会审查，并获得批准(审批文号：伦审〔2022〕334号)。 结果①2组患儿发病年龄、性别构成比、PNS临床分型构成比比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②2组患儿初治时24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血清胆固醇、血清肌酐、估算的肾小球过滤率(eGFR)、免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、补体C3水平，以及足量激素疗程及变态反应性疾病占比、肾功能不全占比比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患儿初治时血清IgE水平比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝－2.153，P＝0.031)。③本研究41例PNS患儿中，距初始治疗3、6、12个月时复发率分别为12.2%(5/41)、31.7%(13/41)、53.7%(22/41)。与隔日顿服组相比，距初始治疗时12个月内，每日顿服组患儿首次复发时间明显延长(χ²＝4.973，P＝0.026)。距初始治疗3、6个月时，每日顿服组患儿的复发率明显低于隔日顿服组，并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；距初始治疗12个月时复发率，也低于隔日顿服组[40.9%(9/22) vs 68.4%(13/19)]，但是2组比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。这41例PNS患儿中，60.7%患儿复发有明确诱因(感染或激素减量/停药)，对其采取控制感染和(或)激素加量/再次使用足量激素治疗后，尿蛋白检查结果均在4周内转阴。每日顿服组患儿激素相关性眼损害发生率高于隔日顿服组，但是差异无统计学意义(22.7% vs 5.3%，P＝0.257)。 结论激素敏感型PNS患儿预后良好，复发率高，巩固维持阶段采用每日顿服方案可延长复发时间，降低中期复发率。治疗期间需定期监测患儿眼压，早发现、早治疗糖皮质激素相关性眼损害。     

Emergent cesarean section in a preterm pregnant woman with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan: A case report

ObjectiveThe pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health crisis. Many maternity units worldwide are currently establishing the management protocols for these patients.Case reportWe report the first critically ill pregnant woman with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure undergoing emergent caesarean delivery at 32 weeks of gestation, in the setting of a positive pressure operating room (OR) with negative pressure anteroom in Taiwan.ConclusionMultidisciplinary planning and collaboration are necessary to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in pregnancies with critical COVID-19 pneumonia. The combinations of comprehensive evaluation, timely treatment as well as establishment of rigorous protocol and safe environment for the emergent delivery are important.     

The pathology of pericarditis

Pericarditis is the most common pericardial disease. Clinically, pericarditis can be categorized into acute, incessant, chronic, and recurrent pericarditis based on the onset and duration of signs and symptoms. Constrictive pericarditis is a separate entity with different clinical manifestations and pathophysiology. The risk of developing constrictive pericarditis depends on the underlying cause. The etiologies of pericarditis are diverse, ranging from infection, autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, malignancy, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and idiopathic. Pathologic morphology of pericarditis can be categorized into fibrinous, purulent, chronic fibrosing, hemorrhagic, and cholesterol pericarditis. Even though the majority of cases of pericarditis are idiopathic, pericarditis identified during autopsy tends to have identifiable causes. Pathologists should focus on past medical history, pericardial morphology, and overall autopsy findings when approaching pericarditis at autopsy.     

Outcomes according to treatment using an established protocol in patients with bilateral Wilms' tumor: A national Canadian population-based study

BackgroundBilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) is a rare entity. The goal of this study is to report outcomes (overall and event-free survival, OS/EFS) of BWT in a large cohort representative of the Canadian population since 2000. We focused on the occurrence of late events (relapse or death beyond 18 months), as well as outcomes of patients treated following the only protocol specifically designed for BWT to date, AREN0534, compared to patients treated following other therapeutic schemes.MethodsData was obtained for patients diagnosed with BWT between 2001 and 2018 from the Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYP-C) database. Demographics, treatment protocols, and dates for events were collected. Specifically, we examined outcomes of patients treated according to the Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol AREN0534 since 2009. Survival analysis was performed.Results57/816 (7%) of patients with Wilms tumor had BWT during the study period. Median age at diagnosis was 2.74 years (IQR 1.37–4.48) and 35 (64%) were female; 8/57 (15%) had metastatic disease. After a median follow-up of 4.8 years (IQR 2.8–5.7 years, range 0.2–18 years), OS and EFS were 86% (CI 73–93%) and 80% (CI 66–89%), respectively. Less than 5 events were recorded after 18 months from diagnosis. Since 2009, patients treated according to the AREN0534 protocol had a statistically significant higher OS compared to patients treated with other protocols.ConclusionsIn this large Canadian cohort of patients with BWT, OS and EFS compared favorably to the published literature. Late events were rare. Patients treated according to a disease-specific protocol (AREN0534) had improved overall survival.Type of studyOriginal article.Level of evidenceLevel IV.